Active and Passive Voice
The voice of a verb tells whether the subject of the
sentence performs or receives the action. In English there are two
voices: active and passive.
Active Voice
In
active voice, the subject performs the action expressed by the verb:
·
The student wrote a song.
Passive Voice
In
passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed by the verb:
·
A song was written by the student.
Forming Tenses of Passive Verbs
The
passive voice always consists of two parts: a form of the verb "to
be" + past participle:
Tense
|
Passive voice form
|
Present
|
it is cleaned
|
Past
|
it was cleaned
|
Future
|
it will be cleaned
|
Present perfect
|
it has been cleaned
|
Past perfect
|
it had been cleaned
|
Future perfect
|
it will have been cleaned
|
Uses of Passive Voice
Use the
passive voice to:
- Call
attention to receiver of the action rather than the performer:
·
The professor was hit by three snowballs.
- Point
out the receiver of the action when performer is unknown or unimportant:
·
A love letter was slipped under the door.
·
The signs will be posted.
- Avoid
calling attention to the performer of the action (known as the
"institutional passive"):
·
The fines will be collected on Monday.
Active and Passive Voice in Writing
The choice
between using the active or passive voice in writing is a matter of style, not
correctness. However, most handbooks recommend using active voice, which they
describe as more natural, direct, lively, and succinct. The passive voice is
considered wordy and weak (except when used in cases above). Examine the
following examples.
- weak, passive: The skater was slammed into the
wall by Maria.
- strong, active: Maria slammed the skater into
the wall.
- weak, passive: The book was enjoyed by me
because the events of her childhood were described so well by the author.
- strong, active: I enjoyed the book because the
author described the events of her childhood so well.
Hints for Identifying the Passive Voice
- An
active verb may or may not have a direct object, but the passive verb
almost never does.
·
"It is...That" construction (It is clear that... It is
noted...)
- Use
of the verbs To Be, Make, or Have
·
Passive: Your exits should be
made quickly.
·
Active: Leave quickly.
- Endings
that turn verbs into abstract nouns: -ion,-ing,-ment:
·
Passive: When application of
force is used, the lid will open.
·
Active: Apply force to open the
lid.
Using Active Versus Passive Voice
In a
sentence using active voice, the
subject of the sentence performs the action expressed in the verb.
The
arrow points from the subject performing the action (the dog) to the individual
being acted upon (the boy). This is an example of a sentence using the active
voice.
Sample
active voice sentence with the subject performing the action described by the verb.
The
active voice sentence subject (watching a framed, mobile world) performs the
action of reminding the speaker of something
Definisi :
Ciri – ciri kalimat passive :
- Pasti verb 3
- Ada kalimat Bantu (to be)
Rumus :
Simple past tense :
Active => verb 2 (ed)
Passive => was/were + verb 3
Simple present tense :
Active => verb 1 (+ s/es)
Passive => Is/am/are + verb 3
Present perfect tense :
Active => has/have + verb 3
Passive => has/have + been + verb 3
Present continous tense :
Active => is/am/are + verb ing
Passive => is/am/are + being + verb 3
Present future tense :
Active => will + verb 1
Passive => will + be + verb 3
Past perfect tense :
Active => had + verb 3
Passive => had + been + verb 3
Present perfect continous tense :
Active => has/have + been + verb ing
Passive => has/have + been + being + verb 3
Contoh kalimat :
Active
- dudi washes the car everyday
- they are lifting the stones
- I will buy a bag
- we sold the car last month
- they have painted their house blue
- she had posted the letter before she came here
- she has been reading a book for 5 house
- mirna writes a letter for her brother every month
- the doctor is examining the patient at the moment
- the rich man will sell his luxurious house to pay for his debt
Passive
- the car is washed by dudi everyday
- the stones are being lifted by them
- a bag will be bought by me
- the car was sold last month
- the house has been painted blue by them
- the letter had been posted before she came here
- the book has been being read for 5 house
- a letter for mirna’s brother is written by her every month
- the patient is being examined by the doctor at the moment
- his luxurious house will be sold by the rich man to pay for his debt
Ciri – ciri kalimat passive :
- Pasti verb 3
- Ada kalimat Bantu (to be)
Rumus :
Simple past tense :
Active => verb 2 (ed)
Passive => was/were + verb 3
Simple present tense :
Active => verb 1 (+ s/es)
Passive => Is/am/are + verb 3
Present perfect tense :
Active => has/have + verb 3
Passive => has/have + been + verb 3
Present continous tense :
Active => is/am/are + verb ing
Passive => is/am/are + being + verb 3
Present future tense :
Active => will + verb 1
Passive => will + be + verb 3
Past perfect tense :
Active => had + verb 3
Passive => had + been + verb 3
Present perfect continous tense :
Active => has/have + been + verb ing
Passive => has/have + been + being + verb 3
Contoh kalimat :
Active
- dudi washes the car everyday
- they are lifting the stones
- I will buy a bag
- we sold the car last month
- they have painted their house blue
- she had posted the letter before she came here
- she has been reading a book for 5 house
- mirna writes a letter for her brother every month
- the doctor is examining the patient at the moment
- the rich man will sell his luxurious house to pay for his debt
Passive
- the car is washed by dudi everyday
- the stones are being lifted by them
- a bag will be bought by me
- the car was sold last month
- the house has been painted blue by them
- the letter had been posted before she came here
- the book has been being read for 5 house
- a letter for mirna’s brother is written by her every month
- the patient is being examined by the doctor at the moment
- his luxurious house will be sold by the rich man to pay for his debt
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